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Bach House (Eisenach)
The Bach House in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, is a museum dedicated to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was born in the city. On its 600 m² it displays around 250 original exhibits, among them a Bach music autograph. The core of the building complex is a half-timbered house, ca. 550 years old, which was mistakenly identified as Bach's birth house in the middle of the 19th century. In 1905, the Leipzig-based Neue Bachgesellschaft acquired the building. In 1907, it was opened as the first Bach museum.
== Historical background ==
The Bach family was a widespread musical family, with members working in musical professions throughout Thuringia since the first half of the 16th century until the end of the 18th century. Already in 1665, Johann Christoph Bach was appointed organist at St. George's in Eisenach.
Bach's father Johann Ambrosius Bach accepted a position as the Eisenach council's ''Haußmann'' (city music director) in 1671. The family first rented rooms in a half-timbered house in the Rittergasse 11 (directly south of today's museum garden), and owned at the time by the city's forests administrator Balthasar Schneider. Since only property owners could claim citizenship, in 1674 Johann Ambrosius Bach bought a house in the ''Fleischgass'' (probably Lutherstraße 35), its location was 100 metres to the north of today's museum.〔Christoph Wolff: Johann Sebastian Bach, p. 20.〕 The original house in the ''Fleischgass'' is no longer standing, it was replaced twiceover in the 18th and 19th centuries.〔Martin Petzoldt: Bachstätten, p. 68.〕 Identifying today the exact location of Bach's birth is almost hopeless in view of the fact that people wishing to become citizens did not always move into the places they acquired for that purpose, and instead rented them out.〔Cf. Domizlaff, Bachhaus Eisenach, p. 128: At the time of Bach's birth, the Bach House was owned by Brunswick-born Heinrich Börstelmann, school director of the Latin school at which Bach was later a pupil. Börstelmann had rented the place out to three parties (but not the Bach family).〕 Based on the location of Ambrosius Bach's first rooms at the building in the Rittergasse and his ownership of the property in the Lutherstraße, one may conjecture that Bach's family lived in this area of the city and so at least very close to the location of the present-day museum.〔Christoph Wolff: Johann Sebastian Bach, p. 20 names the house Lutherstraße 35 as Bach's birthplace.〕
Johann Sebastian Bach was born on 21〔The date refers to the Julian calendar still in use at Eisenach then, it is reproduced in almost all biographies, and on 21 March there are traditional festive celebrations and concerts in Bach's memory in places like Eisenach, Weimar, and Leipzig up to this day. The actual date according to the modern, Gregorian calendar is, however, 31 March.〕 March 1685 in Eisenach and baptized two days later in St. George's Church. He spent the first 10 years of his life at Eisenach. The family's musical tradition brought him into close contact with music and the musical profession. His father early taught him to play string and wind instruments.〔Christoph Wolff: Johann Sebastian Bach, pp. 22, 28.〕 At St. George's, Bach could witness his cousin Johann Christoph Bach playing the organ, later his favourite instrument.〔Christoph Wolff: Johann Sebastian Bach, pp. 28–29.〕 From 1692 until 1695, Johann Sebastian Bach attended the Latin school at Eisenach and joined its ''chorus musicus''; for its members music lessons were included in the school's timetable on four days of the week.〔Christoph Wolff, Johann Sebastian Bach, pp. 25〕 On 1 May 1694, Bach's mother Elisabeth Bach died, on 20 February 1695 also Bach's father Ambrosius died. In July 1695, Johann Sebastian and his brother Johann Jacob left Eisenach to live with the family of their older brother Johann Christoph in Ohrdruf.〔Christoph Wolff: Johann Sebastian Bach, pp. 35, 38.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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